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Zhongdao: From the original text of the Six Books to the Confucian scholars
Author: Zhu Han, a popular scholar. Source: “Confucius Research” column, Volume 5, Issue 3 (General Issue 16), Pages 41-54, “Confucius Research” column
Abstract:
The original text of the Six Books is closely related to “Zhong” and has the ideological characteristics of religious taboos and practical sensibility. During his old age, Confucian scholars went further from the “middle” of the Six Paths to “impartiality”. When Confucianism constructed an impartial thinking system, it preserved the practical characteristics that were consistent with the “Quotation” of the Six Paths, and formed the unique thinking characteristics of Confucian Taoism. It is both a unity of subject and object, a unity of knowledge and action, and a unity of nature and man. Zhongdao occupies a main position in Chinese traditional thinking, becoming the focus value of Chinese tradition, and producing Chinese traditional thinking methods, which have a main position in the Chinese classical system.
Keywords: Six Confucianism, unbiasedBaobao.comRully Lu
Author: Zhu Hanping (1954-), a professor at the Yuelu Book Academy of Hunan University of Science and Technology. The purpose of the discussion is to study and history of Chinese thinking.
As more than 3,000 years ago, “China” began to become a national name for the Huaxia people. Due to the continuous accumulation of thousands of years of civilization history, “China” has gradually become the national identity and recognition of the Chinese people’s civilization form, civilization type, and ideological system. The Middle Way is not only the focus value concept of Chinese tradition, but also the basic thinking method of Chinese tradition.
The middle way thought has always been in the main position in the Chinese classics. As early as the historical and literary “Six Pagoda” system left behind in ancient times, the middle way thought at that time was preserved. In the period of the spiritual civilization of the country in their youth, primitive Confucianism established an impartial focus position by cleaning up ancient literature and private lectures. Due to the ideological improvement and theoretical promotion of late Confucian scholars, they began to become the moral concept, political management concept, and philosophical wisdom of modern China, and were penetrated into the value concept, thinking method, and easy-to-nature temperament of the Chinese ethnic group.
There are many discussions about the pre-Qin Zhongdao thought. This article hopes to take literary examples as a visual perspective to further liquidate this problem: The original text of “Six Books” containsWhat kind of middle way is the concept of the middle way? How can Confucian scholars inherit and develop the thinking of the Middle Way? What are the ideological characteristics of the pre-Qin Confucian literary system, the Chinese and Zi?
1. The thinking of the middle in the original text of the Six Books
We are accustomed to regard impartiality as Confucian tradition. In fact, the Chinese civilization is a civilization that advocates the middle way. The thinking of the middle is not only after Confucianism was formed. Before that, there was a long historical source, and a long process of construction. We can trace back to the ancient civilization period, and among the archaeological data and civilizations that have appeared continuously, we find the first to advocate the middle way. However, the true school influenced the original Confucian Middle Way. She hoped that her companions could be gentle, patient and careful, but Chen Jubai’s structure of thinking was important to be the original text of the “Six” in the pre-supported civilization era. Because the original text of the Six Books had a direct impact on the late Confucian thinking of the doctrine of the mean, Confucianism was impartial to a series of significant thinking characteristics.
Unlike other civilizations in the world, the classics of the world always have the religious characteristics of divine destruction, the original text of the Six Paths left in the period of the Three Dynasties is the type of political and the ideological characteristics of ethicalization. The original classics of “Six Books” originated from the “Dicts” and “Ruan” of the royal documents of the three dynasties. As recorded in “Shangshu·Song of the Five Sons”: “Our ancestors are the kings of all countries. They have classics and charities, and they will be the masters of the children.” [1] The three dynasties managed the whole country and left behind a large number of literary classics with rules and regulations, political experience, and religious concepts. They are not only cultural files of the dynasty politics of the dynasty, but also civilized textbooks that royal members and noble descendants must learn. Preparation price pttThe period of Chinese civilization construction before the war in the age of war is called the “pre-solid civilization”. As a civilization system that advocates the Middle Way, the Middle Way concepts of the Central Chinese people are retained in the historical and cultural relics left behind at that time. Confucius and his Confucian school compiled the Six Books as a textbook for private lectures, so these texts had a profound impact on the structure of Confucianism. The Confucian thinking of the middle way originated from the Six Paths. The original text of the Six Paths includes religious worship and practical middle way thoughts, which directly affect the structure and development of the Confucian thinking of the Middle Way.
Where is the middle way thinking body in “Six Paths” now? What are the characteristics of it? What we need to be clear at first is that the Six Paths have the concept of “middle” thinking, which is actually related to the religious taboos of “gou”. Many students have discovered and pointed out that the Six Paths are based on gifts. Sima specially confirmed that Confucius compiled the Six Paths to revive the three dynasties of tribute. He said: “When Confucius was in Confucius’ time, the Zhou Dynasty was insignificant and the tribute was deserted, and the “Pen” and “Books” were missing. Following the gifts of the three dynasties, the preface of “Books”, and the exposition of the Tang and Yu International, Caring the price down to Qin Shu, the next step is to compile the matter.” [2] Sima believed that Confucius cleaned up “Poems”, “Books”, “Travels”, “Loves” and “Translations”, which was the complete purpose of cleaning up and retaining these classics representing the “Travels of the Three Generations”, and confirmed that “Six Books” was an ancient tribute classic. Therefore, the Qing priest Cao Yuanbi said: “The Six Paths are the same, and they refer to the gift. The symbols of the Book of Changes and the policies of the Book of Changes are all gifts.” [3] In fact, the Six Paths are based on gifts, which is a common understanding among many Confucian scholars in history.
But it is worth noting that the three dynasties before Confucius and the Confucian dynasties after Confucius have undergone great changes. The three dynasties before Confucius were important to a standard system that relies on the worship of ghosts and gods, witchcraft and witchcraft as its taboos. Teacher Li Zehou briefly calls it “witchcraft gifts” in “History of Chinese Thoughts in China”. The honor civilization after Confucius was a standard system that took humanistic worship as the basis, moral politics as the emotion, and benevolence and integrity as the core. Since the Six Paths are based on gifts, the “Zhongjian”, “Zhongjian” and so on appearing in the Six Paths are actually closely related to the gift civilization of the Three Dynasties. It is precisely because the “Greeting” in the Three Dynasties is a civilization system that combines religious taboos and practical sensibility that the “Zhong” of the Six Paths also has this ideological feature.
We start by taking the “Book of Changes” which is the leader of the group as an example to evaluate its unique concept of middle way of thinking. In ancient times, various divine spirit powers such as trust, respect for natural gods, ancestor gods, etc., believed that various divine spirits could dominate the good fortune of human beings. The Book of Changes is an ancient divination book, which records the divination records of tribal leaders and royal family members who were divining gods when facing national events and life choices. On the one hand, the authors of “The Book of Changes” are full of worries about the auspicious regrets and stinginess of the future. They hope to predict the future through divination, so the main idea shown is a kind of respect for ghosts and gods and witchcraft taboos. On the other hand, the authors of the “Book of Changes” gradually discovered and summarized some historical experiences and perceptual methods in their practice. They discovered and recognized that these historical experiences and perceptual methods can gui
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